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A.1 Classification of materials
Understandings:
Materials are classified based on their uses, properties, or bonding and structure.
Applications and skills:
Evaluation of various ways of classifying materials.
Bonding and properties of metals
This video covers the bonding, structure,  and properties of metals. 
A.1 Properties of materials
Applications and skills:
Relating physical characteristics  (melting point, permeability, conductivity, elasticity, brittleness) of a material to its bonding and structures (packing arrangements, electron mobility, ability of atoms to slide relative to one another).
This video covers the structure and bonding of ionic compounds in more detail. 
This video covers the structure and bonding of covalent compounds in more detail. 
A.1 Bonding triangle diagrams
Understandings:
The properties of a material based on the degree of covalent, ionic or metallic character in a compound can be deduced from its position on a bonding triangle.
Applications and skills:
Use of bond triangle diagrams for binary compounds from electronegativity data.
Guidance:
See section 29 of the data booklet for a triangular bonding diagram.
A.2 Extraction of metals 
Understandings:
Reduction by coke (carbon), a more reactive metal, or electrolysis are means of obtaining some metals from their ores.
Applications and skills:
Deduction of redox equations for the reduction of metals.
Relating the method of extraction to the position of a metal on the activity series.
A.2 Extraction of aluminium 
Applications and skills:
Explanation of the production of aluminium by the electrolysis of alumina in molten cryolite.
A.2 Faraday constant
Understandings:
The relationship between charge and the number of moles of electrons is given by Faraday’s constant, F.
Applications and skills:
Solving stoichiometric problems using Faraday’s constant based on mass deposits in electrolysis.
A.2 Alloys
Understandings:
Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of metals with other metals or non-metals.
Applications and skills:
Explanation of how alloying alters properties of metals.
A.2 Diamagnetism and paramagnetism
Understandings:
Diamagnetic and paramagnetic compounds differ in electron spin pairing and their behaviour in magnetic fields.
Applications and skills:
​Discussion of paramagnetism and diamagnetism in relation to electron structure of metals.
This video looks at the magnetism of the transition metals. 
A.2 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SL)
Guidance:
Details of operating parts of ICP-MS and ICP-OES instruments will not be assessed.
Only analysis of metals should be covered.
The importance of calibration should be covered.
Understandings:
Trace amounts of metals can be identified and quantified by ionizing them with argon gas plasma in Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectroscopy using Mass Spectroscopy ICP-MS and Optical Emission Spectroscopy ICP-OES​.
Applications and skills:
Explanation of the plasma state and its production in ICP- MS/OES.
Identify metals and abundances from simple data and calibration curves provided from ICP-MS and ICP-OES.
Explanation of the separation and quantification of metallic ions by MS and OES.
Uses of ICP-MS and ICP-OES.
6.1 Catalysts 
This video is a review of catalysts from topic 6. 
A.3 Catalysts 
Understandings:
Reactants adsorb onto heterogeneous  catalysts at active sites and the products desorb.
Homogeneous  catalysts chemically combine with the reactants to form a temporary activated complex or a reaction intermediate.
Applications and skills:
Description of how metals work as heterogeneous  catalysts.
A.3 Transition metal catalysts
Understandings:
Transition metal catalytic properties depend on the adsorption/absorption properties of the metal and the variable oxidation states.
Applications and skills:
Description of how metals work as heterogeneous  catalysts.
A.3 Factors that affect the choice of catalyst 
Applications and skills:
Explanation of factors involved in choosing a catalyst for a process.
Guidance:
Consider catalytic properties such as selectivity for only the desired product, efficiency, ability to work in mild/severe conditions, environmental impact and impurities.
A.3 Zeolites and nanocatalysts
Understandings:
Zeolites act as selective catalysts because of their cage structure.
Catalytic particles are nearly always nanoparticles that have large surface areas per unit mass.
Applications and skills:
Description of the benefits of nanocatalysts in industry.
Guidance:
The use of carbon nanocatalysts should be covered.
A.5 Thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers
Understandings:
Thermoplastics soften when heated and harden when cooled.
A thermosetting polymer is a prepolymer in a soft solid or viscous state that changes irreversibly into a hardened thermoset by curing.
Applications and skills:
Description of how the properties of polymers depend on their structural features.
A.5 Elastomers 
Understandings:
Elastomers are flexible and can be deformed under force but will return to nearly their original shape once the stress is released.
A.5 LDPE and HDPE
Understandings:
High density polyethene (HDPE) has no branching allowing chains to be packed together.
Low density polyethene (LDPE) has some branching and is more flexible.
A.5 Plasticizers and PVC
Understandings:
Plasticizers added to a polymer increase the flexibility by weakening the intermolecular forces between the polymer chains.
Applications and skills:
Description of the use of plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride.
Guidance:
Consider phthalate esters as examples of plasticizers.
A.5 Polystyrene  
Applications and skills:
Description of the use of volatile hydrocarbons in the formation of expanded polystyrene.
Guidance:
Consider only polystyrene foams as examples of polymer property manipulation.
A.5 Butyl rubber 
Applications and skills:
Deduction of structures of polymers formed from polymerizing 2- methylpropene.
A.5 Isotactic and atactic polymers 
Understandings:
Isotactic addition polymers have substituents on the same side.
Atactic addition polymers have the substituents randomly placed.
A.7 Disposal of plastics 
Understandings:
Plastics do not degrade easily because of their strong covalent bonds.
Burning of polyvinyl chloride releases dioxins, HCl gas and incomplete hydrocarbon combustion products.
A.7 Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds 
Understandings:
Dioxins contain unsaturated six-member heterocyclic rings with two oxygen atoms, usually in positions 1 and 4.
Chlorinated dioxins are hormone disrupting, leading to cellular and genetic damage.
Applications and skills:
Comparison of the structures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins.
Guidance:
Dioxins do not decompose in the environment and can be passed on in the food chain.
Consider polychlorinated  dibenzodioxins  (PCDD) and PCBs as examples of carcinogenic chlorinated dioxins or dioxin-like substances.
A.7 Recycling plastics 
Understandings:
Plastics require more processing to be recycled than other materials.
Plastics are recycled based on different resin types.
Applications and skills:
​Discussion of why the recycling of polymers is an energy intensive process.
Distinguish possible Resin Identification Codes (RICs) of plastics from an IR spectrum.
Guidance:
Resin Identification Codes (RICs) are in the data booklet in section 30.