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Essential ideas
- Many reactions are reversible. These reactions will reach a state of equilibrium when the rates of the forward and reverse reaction are equal. The position of equilibrium can be controlled by changing the conditions.
7.1 Characteristics of chemical and physical systems in a state of equilibrium.
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Understandings:
A state of equilibrium is reached in a closed system when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. Applications and skills: The characteristics of chemical and physical systems in a state of equilibrium. |
7.1 Reaction quotient Q and equilibrium constant Kc.
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Understandings:
The equilibrium law describes how the equilibrium constant (Kc) can be determined for a particular chemical reaction. The magnitude of the equilibrium constant indicates the extent of a reaction at equilibrium and is temperature dependent. Applications and skills: Deduction of the equilibrium constant expression (Kc) from an equation for a homogeneous reaction. |
7.1 Reaction quotient Q
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The reaction quotient (Q) measures the relative amount of products and reactants present during a reaction at a particular point in time. Q is the equilibrium expression with non-equilibrium concentrations.
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7.1 Manipulating Kc
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Guidance:
Relationship between Kc values for reactions that are multiples or inverses of one another should be covered. |
7.1 Le Chatelier's principle (changes in concentration and presure)
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Applications and skills:
Application of Le Châtelier’s principle to predict the qualitative effects of changes of temperature, pressure and concentration on the position of equilibrium and on the value of the equilibrium constant. This video covers concentration and pressure. The next video covers temperature. |
7.1 Le Chatelier's principle (changes in temperature)
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Applications and skills:
Application of Le Châtelier’s principle to predict the qualitative effects of changes of temperature, pressure and concentration on the position of equilibrium and on the value of the equilibrium constant. This video covers temperature. |
7.1 The effect of a catalyst on an equilibrium reaction.
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Understandings:
A catalyst has no effect on the position of equilibrium or the equilibrium constant. |
Apply the concepts of kinetics and equilibrium to industrial processes.
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Apply the concepts of kinetics and equilibrium to industrial processes.
Guidance: Specific details of any industrial process are not required. |
Haber and Contact process worksheet