Structure 1.1 Introduction to the particluate nature of matter ​
Structure 1.1.1
Understandings:
  • Elements are the primary constituents of matter, which cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.
  • Compounds consist of atoms of different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio.
  • Mixtures contain more than one element or compound in no fixed ratio, which are not chemically bonded and so can be separated by physical methods.
Learning outcomes(s):
  • Distinguish between the properties of elements, compounds and mixtures.
Additional notes:
  • Solvation, filtration, recrystallization, evaporation, distillation and chromatography should be covered.
  • The differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures should be understood.
This video covers elements, compounds and mixtures.
The techniques that students need to be familiar with are:
  • solvation - the interaction between a solute and a solvent.
  • filtration - a separation technique used to separate a heterogeneous mixture such as sand in water.   
  • recrystallization - a purification technique used to purify a solid. 
  • evaporation - a separation technique used to separate a homogeneous mixture such as a salt solution.   
  • distillation - a separation technique used to separate two miscible liquids with different boiling points.    
  • chromatography - a separation technique used to separate a mixture of solutes in a solvent.  ​
Structure 1.1.2
Understandings:
  • The kinetic molecular theory is a model to explain physical properties of matter (solids, liquids and gases) and changes of state.
Learning outcomes(s):
  • Distinguish the different states of matter.
  • Use state symbols (s, l, g and aq) in chemical equations.
​Additional notes:
  • Names of the changes of state should be covered: melting, freezing, vaporization (evaporation and boiling), condensation, sublimation and deposition.
This video covers the changes of state. 
This video covers physical and chemical changes.
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Structure 1.1.3
Understandings:
  • The temperature, T, in Kelvin (K) is a measure of average kinetic energy Ek​ of particles.
Learning outcomes(s):
  • Interpret observable changes in physical properties and temperature during changes of state.
  • Convert between values in the Celsius and Kelvin scales.
Additional notes:
  • The kelvin (K) is the SI unit of temperature and has the same incremental value as the Celsius degree (°C).
Video coming soon