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Essential idea: The greater the probability that molecules will collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation, the higher the rate of reaction
6.1 Rate of reaction
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Understandings:
The rate of reaction is expressed as the change in concentration of a particular reactant/product per unit time. Guidance: Calculation of reaction rates from tangents of graphs of concentration, volume or mass vs time should be covered. |
6.1 Experiments that measure rate of reaction
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Understandings:
Concentration changes in a reaction can be followed indirectly by monitoring changes in mass, volume and colour. |
6.1 Analysing rate of reaction graphs
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Applications and skills:
Analysis of graphical and numerical data from rate experiments. |
6.1 Temperature and kinetic energy
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Applications and skills:
Description of the kinetic theory in terms of the movement of particles whose average kinetic energy is proportional to temperature in Kelvin. |
6.1 Collision theory
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Understandings:
Species react as a result of collisions of sufficient energy and proper orientation. |
6.1 Activation energy
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Understandings:
Activation energy (Ea) is the minimum energy that colliding molecules need in order to have successful collisions leading to a reaction. |
6.1 Factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction
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Applications and skills:
Explanation of the effects of temperature, pressure/concentration and particle size on rate of reaction. Construction of Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution curves to account for the probability of successful collisions and factors affecting these, including the effect of a catalyst (catalysts are covered in the next video). |
6.1 The effect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
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Understandings:
By decreasing Ea, a catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction, without itself being permanently chemically changed. Applications and skills: Construction of Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution curves to account for the probability of successful collisions and factors affecting these, including the effect of a catalyst. Sketching and explanation of energy profiles with and without catalysts |