MSJChem - Tutorial videos for IB Chemistry
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  • Videos (first exams 2025)
    • Structure 1.1 Models of the particulate nature of matter
    • Structure 1.2 The nuclear atom >
      • Structure 1.2 HL The nuclear atom
    • Structure 1.3 Electron configurations >
      • Structure 1.3 Electron configurations HL
    • Structure 1.4 Counting particles by mass: The mole
    • Structure 1.5 Ideal gases
    • Structure 2.1 The ionic model
    • Structure 2.2 The covalent model >
      • Structure 2.2 The covalent model (HL)
    • Structure 2.3 The metallic model
    • Structure 2.4 From models to materials
    • Structure 3.1 The periodic table : Classification of elements >
      • Structure 3.1 The periodic table: Classification of elements (HL)
    • Structure 3.2 Functional groups: Classification of organic compounds >
      • Structure 3.2 Functional groups: Classification of organic compounds (HL)
    • Reactivity 1.1 Measuring enthalpy changes
    • Reactivity 1.2 Energy cycles in reactions >
      • Reactivity 1.2 Energy cycles in reactions (HL)
    • Reactivity 1.3 Energy from fuels
    • Reactivity 1.4 Entropy and spontaneity (HL)
    • Reactivity 2.1 How much? The amount of chemical change
    • Reactivity 2.2 How fast? The rate of chemical change >
      • Reactivity 2.2 How fast? The rate of chemical change (HL)
    • Reactivity 2.3 How far? The extent of chemical change >
      • Topic 6 Kinetics
      • Topic 7 Equilibrium
      • Topic 8 Acids and bases
      • Topic 9 Oxidation and reduction
      • Topic 10 Organic chemistry
      • Topic 11 Measurement and data processing
      • Topic 12 Atomic structure HL
      • Topic 13 Periodicity HL
      • Topic 14 Bonding HL
      • Topic 15 Energetics HL
      • Topic 16 Kinetics HL
      • Topic 17 Equilibrium HL
      • Topic 18 Acids and bases HL
      • Topic 19 Redox HL
      • Topic 20 Organic chemistry HL
      • Options (last exams 2024) >
        • SL Option A
        • HL Option A
        • SL Option B
        • HL Option B
        • SL Option C
        • HL Option C
        • SL Option D
        • HL Option D >
          • Exam review (last exams 2024)
      • Reactivity 2.3 How far? The extent of chemical change (HL)
    • Reactivity 3.1 Proton transfer reactions >
      • Reactivity 3.1 Proton transfer reactions (HL)
    • Reactivity 3.2 Electron transfer reactions >
      • Reactivity 3.2 Electron transfer reactions (HL)
    • Reactivity 3.3 Electron sharing reactions
    • Reactivity 3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions >
      • Reactivity 3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions (HL)
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Topic 13 Periodicity HL 

13.1 Introduction to transition elements
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Essential idea: The transition elements have characteristic properties; these properties are related to their all having incomplete d sub-levels.
Understandings:
Zn is not considered to be a transition element as it does not form ions with incomplete d-orbitals.
​Transition elements have variable oxidation states, form complex ions with ligands, have coloured compounds, and display catalytic and magnetic properties.
Definition of transition elements worksheet
Physical and chemical properties of transition elements 

13.1 Complex ions ​
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Applications and skills:
Explanation of the nature of the coordinate bond within a complex ion.
Structure and bonding in complex ions worksheet

13.1 Catalytic properties of the transition elements 
Understandings:
Transition elements have variable oxidation states, form complex ions with ligands, have coloured compounds, and display catalytic and magnetic properties.
Essential idea: The transition elements have characteristic properties; these properties are related to their all having incomplete d sub-levels.

13.1 Ligands 
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Understandings:
​Ligands are species with lone pairs of electrons that form coordinate covalent bonds to central metal ions.

 13.1 Deduce the charge and oxidation state of a central metal ion
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Applications and skills:
Deduction of the total charge given the formula of the ion and ligands present.
Please note that the charge on the central metal ion is the same as the oxidation state, but it is written differently. If the oxidation state is +3, the charge on the metal ion is 3+. 
Charge on central metal ion worksheet

13.1 Variable oxidation states of the transition elements 
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Understandings:
Transition elements show an oxidation state of +2 when the s-electrons are removed.
Applications and skills:
Explanation of the ability of transition metals to form variable oxidation states from successive ionization energies. 

13.1 Magnetic properties of the transition elements
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Applications and skills:
Explanation of the magnetic properties in transition metals in terms of unpaired electrons.

Magnetism in the transition elements 

13.2 Colour of complex ions
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Understandings:
The d sub-level splits into two sets of orbitals of different energy in a complex ion.
Complexes of d-block elements are coloured, as light is absorbed when an electron is excited between the d-orbitals.
The colour absorbed is complementary  to the colour observed.
Guidance:
Students are not expected to know the different splitting patterns and their relation to the coordination number. Only the splitting of the 3-d orbitals in an octahedral crystal field is required.

Colour of complex ions worksheet

13.2 Factors that affect the colour of complex ions
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Applications and skills:
Explanation of the effect of the identity of the metal ion, the oxidation number of the metal and the identity of the ligand on the colour of transition metal ion complexes.
Factors that affect the colour of complex ions 

13.2 The Spectrochemical series
Picture
Applications and skills:
Explanation of the effect of different ligands on the splitting of the d-orbitals in transition metal complexes and colour observed using the spectrochemical series.
Guidance:
The spectrochemical  series is given in the data booklet in section 15.
Spectrochemical series worksheet

  • Home
    • About
    • Blog
    • Online tutoring
    • Privacy policy
  • Member's Area
  • Videos (first exams 2025)
    • Structure 1.1 Models of the particulate nature of matter
    • Structure 1.2 The nuclear atom >
      • Structure 1.2 HL The nuclear atom
    • Structure 1.3 Electron configurations >
      • Structure 1.3 Electron configurations HL
    • Structure 1.4 Counting particles by mass: The mole
    • Structure 1.5 Ideal gases
    • Structure 2.1 The ionic model
    • Structure 2.2 The covalent model >
      • Structure 2.2 The covalent model (HL)
    • Structure 2.3 The metallic model
    • Structure 2.4 From models to materials
    • Structure 3.1 The periodic table : Classification of elements >
      • Structure 3.1 The periodic table: Classification of elements (HL)
    • Structure 3.2 Functional groups: Classification of organic compounds >
      • Structure 3.2 Functional groups: Classification of organic compounds (HL)
    • Reactivity 1.1 Measuring enthalpy changes
    • Reactivity 1.2 Energy cycles in reactions >
      • Reactivity 1.2 Energy cycles in reactions (HL)
    • Reactivity 1.3 Energy from fuels
    • Reactivity 1.4 Entropy and spontaneity (HL)
    • Reactivity 2.1 How much? The amount of chemical change
    • Reactivity 2.2 How fast? The rate of chemical change >
      • Reactivity 2.2 How fast? The rate of chemical change (HL)
    • Reactivity 2.3 How far? The extent of chemical change >
      • Topic 6 Kinetics
      • Topic 7 Equilibrium
      • Topic 8 Acids and bases
      • Topic 9 Oxidation and reduction
      • Topic 10 Organic chemistry
      • Topic 11 Measurement and data processing
      • Topic 12 Atomic structure HL
      • Topic 13 Periodicity HL
      • Topic 14 Bonding HL
      • Topic 15 Energetics HL
      • Topic 16 Kinetics HL
      • Topic 17 Equilibrium HL
      • Topic 18 Acids and bases HL
      • Topic 19 Redox HL
      • Topic 20 Organic chemistry HL
      • Options (last exams 2024) >
        • SL Option A
        • HL Option A
        • SL Option B
        • HL Option B
        • SL Option C
        • HL Option C
        • SL Option D
        • HL Option D >
          • Exam review (last exams 2024)
      • Reactivity 2.3 How far? The extent of chemical change (HL)
    • Reactivity 3.1 Proton transfer reactions >
      • Reactivity 3.1 Proton transfer reactions (HL)
    • Reactivity 3.2 Electron transfer reactions >
      • Reactivity 3.2 Electron transfer reactions (HL)
    • Reactivity 3.3 Electron sharing reactions
    • Reactivity 3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions >
      • Reactivity 3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions (HL)